glass making
Glass is made by melting several minerals at very high temperatures, where silica is fused with soda ash and limestone in a furnace at a temperature of 1700 Celcius, and the glass can be painted, heat-treated, engraved or decorated, while it is still molten Glass can be manipulated to form packages, car windshields, and many other products. The composition of the glass and its cooling time varies, depending on the purpose of the glass.
Components of glass
the problems
Glass preforms are the main element in structuring glass materials, as the preforms used in most types of glass is silica (SiO2), where pure silica is difficult to melt easily, due to its very high melting point, and solder flux can be added to lower the melting temperature, Other glassy problems with much lower melting points are boric oxide (B2O3) and phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5), as these materials melt easily.
Welding flux
Most silica bottles contain additional solder flux. Silica can be melted at a much lower temperature of 800-900 Celcius. Basic fluxes include soda (Na2O), potash (K2O) and lithium (Na2CO3). Solder flux is often added to It is a carbonaceous material, and carbon dioxide (CO2) is expelled during heating, as glass that contains only silica and solder flux has weak durability and is often soluble in water.
stabilizers
Stabilizers are added to glass to make it stronger and more durable, and lime (CaO) is the most common stabilizer. Stabilizers also include magnesia (MgO), paria (BaO), and litharge (PbO), where the most common glass was made in large quantities, both ancient and modern, based on silica as well. In glass problems, soda and fuses, and lime as in stabilizers, which is the glass used to make windows, glassware, jars, and lamps.
the glass
Glass is a solid inorganic material, which is usually transparent or translucent, solid, and brittle, and is not affected by natural factors. Glass has been made for practical and decorative purposes since ancient times, and it is still very important in various uses such as building buildings, household appliances, and telecommunications. It is made by cooling molten components with enough speed to prevent visible crystals from forming.
